面試時,除了談話的內容外,非言語溝通技巧也很重要,圖片來源:
Nik MacMillan, Unsplash

 

When you’re interviewing for a job or participating in a meeting, your body language is almost as important as the answers you give to the questions. Crossed arms could look defensive. Poor posture can appear unprofessional, while gazing down and not making eye contact can detract from being seen as confident.

 

在面試或是參與會議,除了要注意應對的同時,也別忽略了肢體語言的重要性。那麼不同的肢體語言會傳遞給對方什麼樣的訊息呢?簡單來說,若是出現雙臂交叉於胸前的動作,就代表有著防衛的心態;服儀不整會顯得不專業;而在過程中沒有保持眼神的接觸或是東張西望,會顯示出這個人的不自信。

 

Employers will evaluate what you do as well as what you say, and you can use your nonverbal communication skills to make the best impression.

 

雇主除了評估說話內容外,也會觀察對方的一舉一動。這時候如果要給雇主留下一個好的印象,可以運用非語言溝通(nonverbal communication)的技巧喔。

 

當身體向前傾,表示對談話內容是有興趣的,圖片來源:rawpixel, Unsplash

 

The Importance of Nonverbal Communications 非語言溝通的重要性

 

Most candidates carefully prepare what they will say during interviews and networking meetings.

 

有很多在準備面試或是開會的人都把準備的重心放在當天該說的話。

 

However, knowing what you will say is only part of the picture. Just as important is having an understanding of how to convey your messages through body language. Your interviewing and networking success will be largely determined by the impression people get of you, and how they respond to what you say.

 

不過,該說什麼其實只是獲得整體成功的一部份而已,而千萬也要留意傳遞訊息時的肢體語言。畢竟,面試及面談的成功與否,很大一部份取決於對方對您的印象還有回應的方式。(編按:換個角度想,嘴巴只是身體的一小部分而已)

 

圖片來源:Tim Gouw, Unsplash

 

Communicating at Job Interviews 面試時該注意的地方

 

Your nonverbal communications can either support the tone of your conversation or leave the interviewer wondering whether you’re all talk and no substance. Displaying nonverbal behaviors that are a match for your messages can help you to convince employers that you are genuinely interested in the job and suited for the work.

 

前面提到非言語溝通的重要性,它會為面談的結果定調,不是大好就是大壞:不是給面試官留下極佳的抑或是留下話多而無內容的印象。所以說在面試的時候,什麼樣的說話內容搭配著相對應的肢體語言,會有助於說服對方,讓對方覺得您的確有對這份工作有興趣,同時也是適合這樣的工作的。

 

In general, what’s most important is to be positive and engaging. If you feel confident about your ability to do the job and know you’ll be an asset to the employer, you can show that by your actions as well as your words.

 

簡言之,最重要的還是在過程中要有積極且認真投入的態度,如果對自己的能力是深信不疑的而且知道自己在應徵的單位是不可或缺,那麼就別忘記利用動作及語言來展現出來。

 

圖片來源:rawpixel, Unsplash

 

Communicating at Work 職場該注意的地方

 

Another hiring factor is the subject’s apparent ability to relate effectively with clients, co-workers, and other stakeholders.

 

在職場上,非語言溝通那麼受重視的原因在於,它會與您在跟客戶、同事與其他利害關係人間是否能有效地溝通有關,也就是說會連帶影響著互動狀態的好壞,更進一步地說這會與職業生涯的成敗有絕對關係。

 

For example, subtly mirroring interviewers' body language can make you appear more trustworthy to them. In the same vein, lack of eye contact is a sign of low confidence and an inability to truly engage with others.

 

那麼到底該怎麼做呢?在懂得聆聽,在職場無往不利一文中有提到的鏡像反射,判斷一個人是否喜歡自己,可以觀察對方是否會模仿自己的動作(當然盡量是自然而然地會好)。同理,在職場上,如果能巧妙地模仿對方的動作,那麼在他們面前,您就顯得更值得信任了。那麼這就和眼神接觸有很大的關係了,所以同理可證,當有迴避眼神接觸的舉動,就會不自覺向對方顯示著自己的自信不足,而且是無法跟對方有真誠的互動的

 

In many occupations, establishing credibility and trust is a significant success factor.

簡言之,在職場上建立信任感以及讓對方了解自己是可靠的,是成功的主要因素

 

So, use positive nonverbal behavior to further demonstrate your sincerity and engaging personality.

 

所以說,透過上述幾種方式展現自己的真誠與容易親近的個性,一定會對自身的職涯是有助益的。

 

圖片來源:rawpixel, Unsplash

 

Nonverbal Communication Skills Examples 非語言溝通技巧範例

 

Want to brush up your skills? Review this list of nonverbal skills and work on any areas where you think you could improve.

讀到這裡,想必大家對於實際操作迫不及待了吧?先別急,看看以下非語言溝通技巧上該注意的細節,去想想自己有哪些部分是需要突破的。

 

1. Avoid slouching. Sit with your back straight up against the chair or lean slightly forward to convey engagement.

別駝背:在與人互動時,無論您是站著還是坐著,都要保持略為前頃但不駝背的姿勢,這樣會讓對方有受重視的感受。

 

2. Steer clear of smiles or laughter when messages are serious.

當溝通的內容很重要,比方可能關係到工作內容時,切忌微笑或有任何的笑容出現。

 

3. Display some animation with hands and facial expressions to project a dynamic presence. (But, in general, avoid talking with your hands excessively, which can appear unprofessional and unpolished.)

在互動時,可以適時地動動手或是有些表情讓氣氛活絡(但要注意的是,別在講話時動作擺動太大,這會顯得自己不專業而且粗魯)

 

4. Don’t bring your phone, a drink, or anything else to an interview or meeting that could distract you.

在面試或開會等重要場合,手邊千萬別拿著手機、飲料或是任何會讓自己分心的物品。

 

在開會或是面試的重要場合,千萬別拿著手機或是飲料等會讓自己分心的物品,圖片來源:bruce mars, Unsplash

 

5. Don’t interrupt your interviewer.

在面試或開會時,千萬別打斷對方的談話。

 

6. Eliminate fidgeting and shaking of limbs.

消除自己焦躁不安的情緒並盡量避免像是抖腳這種亂動的行為

 

7. Establish frequent but not continuous or piercing eye contact with interviewers.

在跟對方互動時,要保持適當的眼神接觸,但並不是說叫我們要瞪著對方。

 

8. Focus on the conversation.

注意力放在對話當中。

 

9. In a group interview, shift eye contact to the various speakers.

在分組面試(group interview)時,試著轉移視線到不同的人身上。

 

10. Introduce yourself with a smile and a firm handshake. Be sure that your palms are dry.

在自我介紹的時候,記得面帶微笑並向對方穩穩地握手,但在握手前先確認自己的手是乾的。

 

11. Keep your hands away from the face and hair.

手別放臉或是頭髮。

 

12. Lean slightly forward to indicate interest.

在跟人對話時,身體微微向前靠,讓對方知道您對他的談話是有興趣的。

 

身體微微向前靠,讓對方覺得您對他的說話內容是有興趣的,圖片來源:rawpixel, Unsplash

 

13. Listen carefully, and do not interrupt.

在對方開口時,仔細聆聽而不要打斷。

 

14. Maintain open arms – folded arms can convey defensiveness.

盡量張開手臂-手臂交疊顯得自己有防衛的心態。

 

15. Modulate your vocal tone to express excitement and punctuate key points.

在談話的過程中,適時調整自己的音調,向對方傳達出想表達的重點與心情。

 

16. Nod to demonstrate understanding.

在談話過程中,適時地點頭以表達認同。

 

17. Observe the reaction of others to your statements.

在論述的時候,也要觀察對方的反應來做調整。

 

18. Pay attention to the conversation.

在談話的過程中,要認真投入

 

19. Read the nonverbal signals of others – provide clarification if they look confused, and wrap up if they have heard enough.

觀察對方的非言語信息:如果對方有疑惑的表情時,那就要將前面說過的話語做進一步的解釋,而如果對方開始覺得不耐煩時,就要停止原本的話題。

 

20. Refrain from forced laughter in response to humor.

在對方說出幽默的話語時,別像皮笑肉不笑似地強顏歡笑。

 

在開口的同時,也要注意對方的反應進而做調整,圖片來源:rawpixel, Unsplash

 

21. Avoid looking at the clock, your phone, or displaying any other signs of disinterest.

別在跟對方談話時,有看手錶、手機或是其他有不耐煩或是沒興趣的動作出現

 

22. Respect the amount of personal space preferred by your communication partners.

在跟對方談話時,要保持適當距離以示尊重。

 

23. Rotate eye contact to various speakers in group interviewing or networking situations.

在小組面試或是公務上的應酬時,要把目光輪流放在不同的人身上。

 

24. Shake hands firmly without excessive force.

握手時要有力但避免過於用力。

 

25. Show that you’re interested in what the interviewer is telling you.

在面試官跟您說話時,記得要顯示出您對他的談話內容是有興趣的。

 

握手的力道適度為佳,圖片來源:rawpixel, Unsplash

 

26.  Smile to indicate that you are amused or pleased with a communication.

在溝通時要面帶微笑,讓對方知道您們的談話是很愉快的。

 

27. Stay calm even when you’re nervous.

即使再碰到如面試或是開會時要在眾人面前開口時,記得保持冷靜。

 

28. Steer clear of monotone delivery

在一對一的溝通時,記得要面朝對方。

 

29. Wait until the person is done talking to respond

在對方說話時,先別急著回應,盡量等到對方說完後再回應。


 

Practice Makes Interview Perfect 一切都不容易,那就多練習吧

Practicing your delivery of messages through role playing with counselors and friends can help you to hone your non-verbal communication skills. Try recording your  practice sessions so you can analyze some of the nuances of your style. Here are tips for practice interviewing.

 

這一切都不容易,對吧?別氣餒,至少您已經有了大略的方向了,接下來您需要的是找朋友或是面試上有相當經驗的人來練習這些非語言溝通技巧,並試著在練習的過程中錄音,找到自己可以改進的地方。以下是在練習面試時的一些訣竅:

 

Spending some time practicing will ensure your skills are up to par. You’ll also feel more comfortable when you’re interviewing or networking if you’ve spent time getting ready. The less nervous you are, the better you’ll be able to communicate well – both verbally and nonverbally.

在面試之前花些時間來練習吧,這樣在真正面試時才能夠盡情地發揮出來。當您練習到緊張的情緒越來越少的時候,無論是言語還是非言語的溝通技巧,都能表現得宜。

 

圖片來源:Akson, Unsplash

 

本文擷取自thebusinesscareer網站中的Nonverbal Communication Skills List and Examples,中文翻譯僅代表個人觀點供大家參考,如有不妥處,歡迎指正。

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